us_ch12_Jimmy-Carter

=**Carter Administration**=

You need your packet to complete Section 2. Answer the following questions in Section 2 in your journal - If you were president in the 1970s, how would you handle the energy crisis (OPEC controlling price of foreign oil)?

Now turn to the daily lesson guide to the Carter Administration section.

**Ted Kennedy Cedes to Carter in 1976: **
In the Chappaquiddick incident, Ted Kennedy drove his car off of a bridge after a party at Martha's Vinyard. Staffer Mary Jo Kopechne drowned in the 1969 accident. Kennedy left the scene and didn’t report to police. The media was controlled by the Kennedy spin machine. As a result, Kennedy llaid low in ‘72, but there was still resentment in ‘76 with unanswered questions. Ted Kennedy offered to drive Kopechne to a location where she could catch the last ferry to Edgartown where she was staying. He drove off a small unlit bridge. He was able to escape the car. Ted Kennedy pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident after causing an injury. He received a two-month suspended sentence. 

**Election of 1976: **
The election was Jimmy Carter (D) vs. Gerald Ford (R). Carter said to the public “I’ll never lie to you.” He also asked the public “Are you better off than you were four years ago.” Most would have answered no. Ford damaged himself in the second debate when he said there was no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and never would be in a Ford Administration. He went on to say that the Poles wouldn’t consider themselves dominated by the USSR and neither would Yugoslavia or Romania. 

**Watch the Ford mistake in the excerpt below.**
media type="youtube" key="w8rg9c4pUrg" height="315" width="420"



**Energy Crisis: **
On April 17, 1977 Carter addressed the nation and called the crisis the “moral equivalent to war.”  He asked people to conserve oil. Carter felt people who drove big cars should pay more. He also said to turn the thermostat down to 65 degrees and 55 degrees at night. He also urged 55 mph compliance.  Subsidies (gov’t tax dollars) were given to wind and solar energy and other alternatives (none would be available in time to help in the crisis). Carter gave a speech saying solar energy was the future. He began to have solar panels installed on the White House. <span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Negatives: wind could only generate a fraction of coal and hydroelectric plants; solar was dangerous to install, unreliable, and impractical in cold climates. Nuclear energy was cheapest and safest although it would be demonized by activists against it. Nations with the longest use (France and Japan) had no major accidents. <span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">There was a spotless record in the U.S. until the 1979 nuclear meltdown at Three Mile Island in Harrisburg. No one was hurt or killed, but nuclear energy was still heavily demonized by the media. <span style="font-family: 'arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Carter hurt himself with his “malaise speech” in which he said there was a “crisis in confidence,” which the public took to mean he (Carter) was blaming the American people. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Foreign Policy: **
<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Carter pushed human rights in the world and imposed a requirement that countries observe this à <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> longtime allies became objects of criticism (U.S. relied on thugs to give information on our enemies in the Cold War) though he avoided broad criticism of China and USSR (major violators).

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Middle East: **
<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Carter had a success with the Camp David Accords – Middle East peace agreement between Egypt (Anwar al-Sadat) and Israel (Menechem Begin). Carter had to use a bribe – largest-ever American foreign-aid package ($5 billion over 3 years). <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Camp David Accords à <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">denounced by Islamic radicals and Sadat would be assassinated by extremists in his own army. The Accords failed to address Palestine problem. Sadat’s Vice President, Hosni Mubarak, would take over as the new leader and rule for 30 years until a movement (viewed as a pro-democracy movement and backed by the U.S. under President Obama in 2011) forced him to leave. The radical Islamic Muslim Brotherhood began efforts to gain control in Egypt in 2012. Problems between Israel and Palestine were long lasting à <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> 1972 Olympics in Munich Palestinian terrorists murdered Israeli athletes. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Cold War vs. U.S.S.R.: **
<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Weak in terms of dealing with USSR; made missile cuts (cut the B-1 bomber, which had been promised to the Air Force and the MX missiles guaranteed to the Joint Chiefs). He tried to get further nuclear missile cuts in a further SALT agreement, but Congress didn’t approve. Carter and Brezhnev agree to more nuclear missile cuts in SALT talks. Congress did not approve of this treaty. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">The Soviets smelled weakness and worldwide terrorist incidents began to rise (most funded by Moscow). The USSR got missile to destroy silos of U.S. missiles (first strike ability)…closest to nuclear war since 1962.

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Iran Hostage Crisis: **
<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">A revolution in Iran brought an Islamic radical group, the Mullahs, to power and overthrew the pro-American Shah, which led to the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini taking power. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">The Shah (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) came to the U.S. for medical treatment. As a result, the American embassy in Tehran was stormed and hostages taken; U.S. seemed helpless. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Sensing a U.S. distraction, the USSR invaded Afghanistan to install Communism. Carter (1) cut grain exports to the USSR (but it also hurt U.S. farmers); (2) boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, and (3) reinstated registration for the draft à <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> all unpopular moves by Carter. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Carter ordered a rescue attempt. Rescue attempt – mission stopped due to mechanical difficulties (risky scheme since it was a nighttime landing in the desert with no room for error); a chopper clipped a fuel plane while taking off in a windstorm – massive fireball. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Interesting Facts About Carter: **
<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Jimmy Carter not only ran as a Washington outsider, but he was virtually unknown. When his mother heard of her son’s intentions to run, she asked “President of what?” Carter was religious and insisted on teaching regularly at the First Baptist Church in D.C. while President. He held his staff members to this high standard and told several federal employees to marry their significant others and stop “living in sin.” Willie Nelson performed at the Carter White House and enjoyed spending a night there. That night, he climbed up on the roof and lit up what he called a “fat Austin torpedo.” Security agents were no where to be found. He stated that “The roof of the White House is the safest place I can think of to smoke dope.” Carter is the only President to have reported a UFO sighting (from when he attended a Lion’s Club meeting in 1969 in Georgia).

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">[[image:ryanhill1/Carter.jpg]]
ü <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Economic recession ü <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Energy crisis – plan was have Americans conserve; go for wind and solar (not efficient) – didn’t solve energy problem. ü <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Environmental regulations contributed largely to the decline of the steel and auto industries. ü <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Camp David Accords – peace though didn’t solve problem with Palestine. ü <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Did not confront Soviets – built missiles; invaded Afghanistan à <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> decisions on stopping grain exports, boycotting Olympics, and the draft ü <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Iran hostage crisis ü <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Malaise speech

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">COMPLETE HOMEWORK #1

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">AFTER COMPLETING HOMEWORK #1 UPLOAD THE STUDY GUIDE AND BEGINNING FILLING IT OUT.

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