Civics_Ch14_info-3

**Part 3: Sites to Visit**
Read the following to answer questions on your Internet guide.


 * **Fort Pitt:** Located in Pittsburgh and is where General John Forbes defeated the French and destroyed Fort Duquesne and rebuilt it naming it after the British Prime Minister, William Pitt. This was during the French and Indian War. It grew into the city of Pittsburgh, which grew itself during the Industrial Revolution as it became an iron and steel town.
 * **Gettysburg Battlefield:** Location of the turning point battle of the Civil War in which Union General George Meade defeated Confederate General Robert E. Lee. It is also where President Abraham Lincoln came to dedicate the battlefield and cemetery saying that the war was a test on democracy and Founding principles.
 * **Valley Forge:** Location of where General George Washington and the Continental Army spent a very harsh winter. George Washington showed his character and duty to his country here. He very easily could have gone home to Mount Vernon where he would have had a warm home and good meals. Instead, he stayed at Valley Forge with his soldiers and trained them with the help from European military leaders and held the army together. No one else but Washington could have done this.
 * **PA Grand Canyon:** Officially called the Pine Creek Gorge, it is located in northern PA and has a depth of 1,450 feet. It is a major tourist site in PA.
 * **Kinzua Bridge:** It is another tourist site in northern PA and was the world's highest railroad bridge at 2,053 feet. It was knocked down by a tornado. Part of the bridge is still standing and it is now a state park that one could go visit.
 * **Fort Necessity:** It was the location of a battle that was at the start of the French and Indian War. The fort was quickly built as George Washington had left Fort Duquesne after giving the French a message to get off British land. The French pursued him. The French easily took the fort in the start of the war. It is located in Fayette County.
 * **Fort Bedford:** This fort was an important fort on the Forbes Road. General John Forbes was leading an expedition to defeat the French at Fort Duquesne. It is often called the "Grand Central Station" of the Forbes Campaign for the British army in the French and Indian War.
 * **Fort Ligonier:** This fort was another French and Indian War fort built along the Forbes Road for the Forbes expedition to destroy Fort Duquesne. It was the supply depot and staging area for the attack on Fort Duquesne.
 * **Independence Hall:** Located in Philadelphia and is where the Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. The document was written by Thomas Jefferson. This is also where the Liberty Bell is located, which rang to gather the citizens around to hear the reading of the Declaration. It is also where the Constitutional Convention was held brining us the new Constitution on September 17, 1787.
 * **Liberty Bell:** Also located in Philadelphia and is a symbol of freedom. It cracked when it rang to celebrate the 50th year of William Penn's Charter of Privileges in 1751. It was repaired and rang again to gather the citizens to hear the reading of the Declaration of Independence, but cracked more beyond repair.
 * **Fallingwater:** It is the name of a house built over a waterfall in Fayette County by Frank Lloyd Wright, who was America's most famous architect in the 1930s. This house was a prime example of American architecture. It was built for the Kaufman family (who owned Kaufman department stores). It is located in Fayette County.
 * **Allegheny-Portage Railroad:** It is considered a great achievement of early American travel, which a train pulled canal boats up the Allegheny Mountains to the rivers on the other side to get from the coast to Pittsburgh. It was part of the whole Pennsylvania Main Line Canal system. It was the main way to get raw materials from the east to the mills in western PA.
 * **Horseshoe Curve:** This was a major improvement to the Allegheny-Portage Railroad. It was part of the Pennsylvania Railroad and was a 220-degree arc around the Allegheny Mountains. It was quicker and more efficient than the Allegheny-Portage Railroad and so it replaced it. It is located in Altoona. During the Civil War, President Lincoln sent soldiers to protect it. It was a target of Nazi sabotage in World War II.
 * **Quecreek:** Located in Somerset County and is the location of the famous mine where 9 miners were trapped, but all 9 were rescued with no deaths. This made world news.
 * **Flight 93 Memorial:** Located in Shanksville, PA (Somerset County) and is the location of where United Airlines Flight 93 crashed on September 11, 2001. Members of the terror network al Qaeda hijacked the plane and were planning to crash the plane into the Capitol building in D.C. as part of a larger terror attack (planes in the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in D.C.). When the passengers of Flight 93 learned that their hijacked plane was most likely part of a larger terror attack they decided to fight back. They were unable to retake the plane, but they did force the terrorists to not achieve their mission and therefore the men and women on that plane are heroes.
 * **Johnstown Flood of 1889 Memorial:** It is located in South Fork, PA and commemerates one of the nation's biggest and most devastating floods that destroyed one of America's most important and productive iron and steel cities when the South Fork Dam burst and flooded the city. The citizens of Johnstown together rebuilt the city into a major iron and steel center.

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